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Stichting Constructionele Gedragsanalyse

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Algemeen

  • Constructionele gedragstherapie in het kort
  • Prickarts (2007). Functioneringsgerichte rehabilitatie; de client als persoon centraal in de kansrijke omgeving
  • Stichting Constructionele Gedragsanalyse
  • Bruins (2008). Restriction of personal functioning: an explanation of the onset and persistence of depressive symptoms
  • Andreoli (2008). Functioning-Oriented Rehabilitation (FOR): a multi-dimensional approach to individual behavioral activation for the treatment of depression
  • Andreoli, Bruins & Vlamings (2008). Recovery of personal functioning: a behavior analytic treatment approach for depression
  • Bruins, Van Delden – Van der Wolf & Bakker – de Pree (2000). Poster
  • Bruins, Andreoli, Veenstra, Wiegers (2008) Functioneringsgericht maatwerk in de ouderenpsychiatrie (abstracts en PP)
  • Refereermiddag GGZ Friesland 17 december 2009
  • Bakker – de Pree (1987). Constructionele gedragstherapie: theoretische fundering en praktische realisering
  • Privacy policy

Artikelen

  • Bruins, BEE (2010) Gedragsbeperking van actieve vermijding: universeel causaal mechanisme van stress-gerelateerde psychische stoornissen?
  • Bruins (2008). Herstel van Persoonlijk Succesvol Functioneren: rode draad bij gedragsactivatie
  • Wiegers (2008). Van problem naar kans: GGZ-consultatie bij de thuiszorg, verzorgings- en verpleeghuizen
  • Vlamings, HSM (2009). De gedragsbiotoop: voor elk karakter een passende omgeving
  • Bruins, BEE (2009). Meerzijdigheid: meer bewegingsvrijheid bij het vinden van een passende omgeving
  • Bruins (2007). Kwetsbaarheid voor ontregeling: een functioneringsgerichte visie
  • Bakker – de Pree (2000). Kan de omgeving een actieve bijdrage leveren aan het bewaken van iemands welbevinden?
  • Veenstra (2008). Functioneringsgerichte woontherapie bij Langdurige Zorg in de ouderenpsychiatrie
  • Bakker – de Pree (1999). De rol van de omgeving bij het bewaken van het welbevinden
  • Bakker – de Pree (1989). Behavior analysis of human Life: an alternative approach to the concept of personality
  • Bakker – de Pree (1989). Behavior analysis of human Life: an alternative approach to the concept of personality
  • Beenackers, Bruins & Prins (1996). Blinde versterking: klachten verhelpen zonder er op in te gaan
  • Bruins (2002). Constructional Behavior Therapy: a novel behavior analytic approach to mental disorders.
  • Andreoli (2008).Terugval en de noodzaak van functioneringsgerichte gedragsactivatie bij ouderen met ernstige depressieve klachten
  • Bakker – de Pree (1987). Langdurende gedragstherapie
  • Vlamings (2007). Functioneringsgerichte gedragsactivatie: de praktijk
  • Bakker – de Pree (1992). Eén-, twee- of meerzijdig, wat maakt het uit?
  • Bruins & Andreoli (2007). Gedragsactivatie kan specifieker!
  • De Nauw (2000). Constructioneel gedragstherapeutische visie op arbeidsgerelateerde problematiek
  • Andreoli, Paul; Bruins, Bart; Vlamings, Hendrik (2009): De passende omgeving, een contextuele visie op persoonlijkheid
  • Andreoli (2011). Asperger’s Disorder and Personal Successful Functioning: a Positive Behavior Therapeutic Approach
  • Vlamings (2009). De gedragsbiotoop: voor elk karakter een passende omgeving
  • Veenstra (2007). Ambulante behandeling van ouderen met depressieve klachten: in beweging krijgen!
  • Bruins (1995). Het klachtenvrije doen en laten als aangrijpingspunt in de constructionele gedragstherapie
  • Baas (2011). Reducing the Impact of ‘Hearing Voices’ on Daily Life by Positive Behavior Therapy in a Group
  • Wieringa (1995). ‘Diagnose als dwaallicht’, pleidooi voor een functioneringsgerichte benadering in de sociale psychiatrie
  • Bruins (1997). Is stimulusdiscriminatie functioneringsversterkend?
  • Bakker – de Pree (1990). (On)opleidbaarheid van psychotherapeuten: de persoon van de opleider als onafhankelijke variabele
  • Boeke – Slinkers (1991). Hindernissen bij de uitvoering van de Vrije Differentiatie
  • Andreoli (1993). Functioneringsgericht managen; gekte van de sekte of bruikbaar paradigma?
  • Andreoli & Baas (2002). Improving people’s quality of life and productivity
  • Van Delden – Van der Wolf (2002). Functional differences of behavior in everyday
  • Andreoli (2009). Persoonlijkheidsproblematiek op leeftijd: in de problemen komen met je karakteristieke manier van doen en laten
  • Bruins (1999). De bruikbaarheid van individuspecifieke modellen van gedragsregulatie in de klinische praktijk
  • Bakker – de Pree (2002). Comments on ‘Conditioning: How subjects learn to look after themselves in an ever changing world’
  • Bruins (1993). Het stimulusbegrip nader bekeken
  • Bakker – de Pree (2001). Comments on ‘People management requires the empahsis on behavior which gives personal satisfaction
  • Bruins (1991). Wat gebeurt er in de Vrije Differentiatie?
  • Wieringa (1999). Constructionele gedragstherapie in vijf gesprekken: een procrustesbed?
  • Meijde, Van der (1993). De Mythe van de ‘O: over de plaats en de ontwikkeling van de behavioristische benadering van Plato tot heden
  • Baas (2001). Functioning-oriented rehabilitation: focus on ‘successful’ behavior and a challenging environment
  • Baas (1995). Behandeling van chronisch psychiatrische patiënten: de bloesemroute
  • Bruins & Van der Meijde (2002). Behaviour analysis and clinical practice
  • Van Delden – Van der Wolf (1999). De theorie van de Dominante Actieve Vermijding: klachten verklaard door de momentane afwezigheid van specifieke gedragsregulerende stimuli
  • Wijngaarden (1989). Constructionele gedragstherapie in het voorgezet onderwijs
  • Van Delden – Van der Wolf (1993). Vormgeving van cliënt-specifieke stimuli in het therapeutgedrag
  • Bakker – de Pree (1991). ‘INS’ en ‘OUTS’ van de constructionele benadering
  • Andreoli (2001). A behavioristic model for people management: everything under control?
  • Van der Meijde (1995). Vormen van disfunctioneren en hun therapeutische implicaties: een casus
  • Delden – Van der Wolf (2000). Waarom doen we wat we doen en laten we wat we laten?
  • Bruins (2003). Impediment of active avoidance behaviour causes mental disorder.
  • Prins (1999). Behavior regulation: a matter of controlling stimuli
  • Wieringa (2001). The exclusive use of natural reinforcement in the treatment of clients with mental problems
  • Baas (2000). A novel development in psychosocial rehabilitation: focus on ‘successful’ behaviour and a challenging environment
  • Meijde, Van der (1991). Management van de therapiesituatie
  • Andreoli & Prickarts (1997). Self-injurous and obsessive-compulsive behaviour: towards an efficient environmental approach
  • Vlamings (1999). Basic treatment in Constructional Behavior Therapy: restoring and strengthening present patterns of behavior regulation
  • Bruins (1998). De plaats van emoties in een omgevingsgeorienteerde gedragstherapie: een korte inleiding
  • Bruins, BEE (2008). Environmental restriction of personal functioning: an explanation of the onset and persistence of depressive symptoms
  • Van Delden – Van der Wolf (2000). How an out-patient Constructional Behaviour Therapy helps clients to regain their alertness to stimuli regulating their successful behaviour
  • Vlamings, HSM (2008). Recovery of personal functioning: clinical practice
  • Van der Meijde (1998). De mogelijkheden van functioneringsgerichte begeleiding bij de behandeling van (chronisch) psychiatrische patiënten
  • Prins (1999). Conditionering: van gedragsbekrachtiging naar stimulusversterking
  • Prins (2000). Does behavior therapy by natural reinforcers really work? A pilot study.
  • Bakker – de Pree (1993). ‘Let the subject shape your skills’ in de therapiezitting
  • Andreoli (1999). Functioneringsgerichte rehabilitatie: de praktijk
  • Wieringa (1990). Constructionele principes, toegepast in een trainingsgroep sociale vaardigheden
  • Vlamings (2002). What do we wo about maladaptive behavior?
  • Andreoli (2004). Behavioral Gerontology: problematic interactions in nursing
  • Vlamings (2001). Behavior Therapy: let natural reinforcers do their job
  • Vlamings (2000). ‘Aansturen’ nader bekeken: hoe motiveer je een ander?
  • Bakker – de Pree (1993). Supervisie in opleiding van constructionele gedragstherapeuten
  • Van Delden – Van der Wolf (1996). Stagnerende behandelingen
  • Bakker – de Pree (1989). Wat leren wij onze kinderen?
  • Prins (1995). Het project ‘Constructionele Gedragsanalytische Begeleiding’
  • Van Delden – Van der Wolf (1999). Symptoms as the result of the absence of regulating stimuli: the Theory of Dominant Active Avoidance
  • Baas (1993). Drup voor drup: bottom-up
  • Baas (2008). Onderzoek in de langdurige zorg. Een beschrijving van twee vormen van kwalitatief onderzoek.
  • Bruins (2000). Features of Constructional Behaviour Therapy
  • Bruins (2002). Investigating the function of human everyday behavior
  • Bakker -de Pree (1987). Behavior analysis of succesful behavior: the device for identifying which stimuli, if wanting, cause neurotic disorder
  • Bruins (1999). Analysis of successful behavior: the main diagnostic tool in Constructional Behavior Therapy
  • Van der Meijde (1999). Extended treatment in Constructional Behavior Therapy: diversifying behavior regulation
  • Vlamings (1993). Doet-ie ‘t of doet-ie ‘t niet?
  • Andreoli (1993). Focus on functioning
  • Andreoli (2009). Personality and Disfuntioning in the Elderly
  • Andreoli (2000). Van zorgplan naar bloesemroute
  • Bakker – de Pree (1990). Leertherapie: ‘passe-partout’ of ‘finishing touch’?
  • Bakker – de Pree (1998). How to get symptom reduction through exclusive attention to stimuli controlling successful behavior: a challenging paradigm
  • Bruins & Van Delden (2000). Determination of individual-specific controlling stimuli of successful behaviour: a method in clinical practice for predicting the occurrence of mental disorder
  • Van Delden – Van der Wolf & Bruins (2000). Dominant active avoidance: a central characteristic of the behaviour of individuals with mental disorders
  • Andreoli (2008). Functioning-Focused Rehabilitation (FFR): a multi-dimensional approach to individual behavioral activation for the treatment of depression
  • Bakker – de Pree (1993). Functie-analyse ‘back to basics’
  • Vlamings (1991). Procedures in de therapie en effecten daarbuiten
  • Bakker – de Pree (1990). Zin en onzin van de invaliderende stimulus
  • Goudena (1998). Het ontstaan en de aard van de invaliderende stimulus. Een analyse vanuit verschillende theoretische kaders.
  • Wieringa (1991). Constructioneel-gedragstherapeutische begeleiding door niet-gedragstherapeuten
  • Baas (1999). Leven of overleven? Rehabilitatie als open-eind programma in de chronische psychiatrie.
  • Bakker – de Pree (1997). Waarin vraagt ernstige psychopathologie een speciale aanpak?
  • Baas (1993). ‘Wintersport aan huis’: methodische uitgangspunten van dagbesteding
  • Andreoli (2000). Constructional Behaviour Therapy as leading paradigm in psychosocial rehabilitation
  • Andreoli & Prickarts (1999). Behaviour problems and the function of a structured environment.
  • Andreoli (2004). Constructional Behavior Analytic ideas about the concept of a ‘structured environment’.

Historie

  • Bakker – de Pree, BJ (1992). Constructionele gedragstherapie: functioneringsversterkende procedures
  • Bruins (1990). Bevordering van functioneren: de stand van zaken
  • Constructionele Gedragstherapie: flyer sectie Constuctionele Gedragstherapie VGt (1999)
  • Bakker – de Pree (1992). Gedragstherapie en opleiding in retro- en perspectief
  • Wieringa & Van der Meer (1993). De constructionele gedragstherapie met twee benen in de Riagg Westelijk Utrecht

Articles

  • Andreoli (2000). Novel developments in managing challenging behaviours: constructional behaviour analysis as leading paradigm in programs for behaviour management
  • Constructional Behavior Therapy in short.
  • Andreoli (2009). Personality and Disfuntioning in the Elderly
  • Delden-van der Wolf, J.D. van, Bruins, B.E.E. (2000). Dominant active avoidance: a central characteristic of the behaviour of individuals with mental disorders
  • Vlamings (2001). Behavior Therapy: let natural reinforcers do their job
  • Andreoli (2011). Asperger’s Disorder and Personal Successful Functioning: a Positive Behavior Therapeutic Approach
  • Prins (1999). Behavior regulation: a matter of controlling stimuli
  • Bakker – de Pree (1989). Behavior analysis of human Life: an alternative approach to the concept of personality
  • Baas (2011). Reducing the Impact of ‘Hearing Voices’ on Daily Life by Positive Behavior Therapy in a Group
  • Vlamings (2011). Positive Behavior Therapy: the clinical practice
  • Andreoli (2008). Functioning-Focused Rehabilitation (FFR): a multi-dimensional approach to individual behavioral activation for the treatment of depression
  • Baas (2000). A novel development in psychosocial rehabilitation: focus on ‘successful’ behaviour and a challenging environment
  • Bruins (1999). Analysis of successful behavior: the main diagnostic tool in Constructional Behavior Therapy
  • Andreoli (2001). A behavioristic model for people management: everything under control?
  • Andreoli (2000). Constructional Behaviour Therapy as leading paradigm in psychosocial rehabilitation
  • Wieringa (2001). The exclusive use of natural reinforcement in the treatment of clients with mental problems
  • Bakker -de Pree (1987). Behavior analysis of succesful behavior: the device for identifying which stimuli, if wanting, cause neurotic disorder
  • Bakker – de Pree (2001). Comments on ‘People management requires the empahsis on behavior which gives personal satisfaction
  • Andreoli & Prickarts (1997). Self-injurous and obsessive-compulsive behaviour: towards an efficient environmental approach
  • Bakker – de Pree (2002). Comments on ‘Conditioning: How subjects learn to look after themselves in an ever changing world’
  • Bruins & Van der Meijde (2002). Behaviour analysis and clinical practice
  • Baas (2001). Functioning-oriented rehabilitation: focus on ‘successful’ behavior and a challenging environment
  • Vlamings (2002). What do we wo about maladaptive behavior?
  • Bruins (2011). Positive Behavior Therapy: theory
  • Andreoli, P.J.H. (2004). Behavioral Gerontology: problematic interactions in nursing.
  • Andreoli, P.J.H. (2004). Constructional Behavior Analytic ideas about the concept of a ‘structured environment’.
  • Bruins (2000). Features of Constructional Behaviour Therapy
  • Bruins & Van Delden (2000). Determination of individual-specific controlling stimuli of successful behaviour: a method in clinical practice for predicting the occurrence of mental disorder
  • Bakker – de Pree (1998). How to get symptom reduction through exclusive attention to stimuli controlling successful behavior: a challenging paradigm
  • Bruins (2002). Investigating the function of human everyday behavior
  • Andreoli & Baas (2002). Improving people’s quality of life and productivity
  • Vlamings (1999). Basic treatment in Constructional Behavior Therapy: restoring and strengthening present patterns of behavior regulation
  • Vlamings (2008). Recovery of personal functioning: clinical practice.
  • Bruins (2002). Impediment of active avoidance behaviour causes mental disorder.
  • Andreoli & Baas (2002). Improving people’s quality of life and productivity
  • Vlamings (1999). Basic treatment in Constructional Behavior Therapy: restoring and strengthening present patterns of behavior regulation
  • Vlamings (2008). Recovery of personal functioning: clinical practice.
  • Bruins (2002). Impediment of active avoidance behaviour causes mental disorder.
  • Bruins (2008). Environmental restriction of personal functioning: an explanation of the onset and persistence of depressive symptoms
  • Van Delden – Van der Wolf (2002). Functional differences of behavior in everyday
  • Van Delden – Van der Wolf (2002). Functional differences of behavior in everyday
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  • Constructional Behavior Therapy in short.

Constructional Behavior Therapy in short.

In 1974 Goldiamond proposed a constructional approach to problematic behavior, arguing that intervention should focus on expanding adaptive repertoires instead of eliminating maladaptive ones. In this line, Bakker –de Pree and her group have developed Constructional Behavior Therapy. Its main feature is a focus on the client’s successful behavior, i.e. behavior which contributes to survival and self maintenance and results in a better personal state. By restoring and extending successful behavior, disordered and maladaptive behavior becomes superfluous and fades away.

Although the approach is well-founded on behavior analytic body of knowledge and described thoroughly in the Dutch language, it is not yet presented to the international scientific and clinical community, except from several presentations at international conferences.

The central issue in Constructional Behavior Therapy are the functional differences of adaptive behavior instead of its structural differentiation (topography). Approach, escape and active avoidance behavior result in a transition to a better state, but differ as to the perceived quality. Whereas approach produces a transition experienced as pleasure, escape contributes to well-being by liberation and relief. However, active avoidance produces the existentially most important state of safety.

Generally, this adaptive role of avoidance is not well discerned in mainstream behavior therapy, probably due to a major focus on maladaptive behavior. Further, active and passive avoidance are usually confused in the discourse. Whereas passive avoidance consists of refraining from behaving and is negatively reinforced, active avoidance is behavior which is positively reinforced.

Due to continual conditioning processes every individual acquires a personal repertoire of approach, escape and avoidance behavior. However, the opportunity to perform this repertoire successfully depends on the availability of suitable discriminative stimuli. So, the range of someone’s successful behavior is determined by both his reinforcement history (range of discriminative stimuli) and the characteristics of his current environment (provider of these discriminative stimuli).

To analyze successful behavior, constructional behavior therapy uses a special designed interview technique called contrast questioning by which the pattern of the client’s behavior controlling stimuli can be formulated. If we know the pattern of successful behavior, we are able to predict unsuccessful behavior. When there is a response restriction for the successful behavior, the individual will behave unsuccessfully and won’t be able to preserve a good state any longer.

In individuals suffering from mental disorders, such analysis of successful behavior reveals consistently particular regularities. The Theory of Dominant Active Avoidance (Bakker-de Pree, 1984, 1987) summarizes these behavioral data. Active avoidance prevails over other behavioral functions in a absolute manner. Moreover, this dominant active avoidance behavior is controlled by just one particular class of stimuli related to the threat of being socially expelled. We discovered several types of behavioral restriction, which all have in common that suitable discriminative stimuli are wanting or cannot be responded to successfully. Further, restriction of dominant active avoidance behavior results often in a extreme state of insecurity. If this ristriction continues, a state of disorder is bound to occur which manifests itself in the form of a mental disorder, e.g. anxiety or depression. The type of disorder varies from person to person, probably due to genetic differences, the conditioning history and subsequent secondary conditioning.

These clinical behavioral data throw a different light on the onset and persistence of mental disorders: disorders are primarily not the result of disorder provoking stimuli, but of the absence of essential behavior controlling (i.e. discriminative) stimuli.

Constructional Behavior Therapy prevents the occurrence of disorder by removing and preventing response restriction of adaptive active avoidance behavior. To achieve that, the individual’s range of discriminative stimuli controlling that successful behavior is expanded, a process of construction instead of elimination. The therapy is carried out according to a detailed protocol of ten interrelated, novel techniques, which -due to the focus on successful behavior- do not depend on the type of disorder. In a basic treatment the existing behavioral repertoire is restored and expanded and subsequently, symptoms fade away. However, active avoidance remains a critical element in the client’s functioning and a risk of relapse. In an extended treatment the pattern of successful behavior is diversified with approach and escape behavior. Although active avoidance remains a important and central element in the behavioral repertoire – as it probably does in all organisms- it loses its absolute dominance, providing behavioral flexibility and preventing disorder in case of behavioral restrictions.
Constructional Behavior Therapy has been applied in the Netherlands to hundreds of clients and a variety of mental disorders. Clinical observation shows great promise considering the predicting power of the functional analysis, the effects of the treatment and the satisfaction of the client. However, further research is needed to underpin the clinical findings. For now, Constructional Behavior Therapy.
Bart.E.E. Bruins  2007
References Bakker- de Pree, B.J. (1984). De rijkdom van de leertherapie in de constructionele gedragstherapie. Gedragstherapie, 3, 179 – 197. Bakker – de Pree, B.J. (1987). Constructionele gedragstherapie. Theoretische fundering en praktische realisering. Nijmegen: Dekker & Van de Vegt.


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Andreoli (2000). Novel developments in managing challenging behaviours: constructional behaviour analysis as leading paradigm in programs for behaviour managementAndreoli (2009). Personality and Disfuntioning in the Elderly
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